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Challenging — all models struggle
Citation Resolution
Name the Supreme Court of Canada decision a citation refers to (style of cause + year) — deterministic scoring; a declined answer earns no credit, like a wrong one.
24.7%
1500 records · 5 models
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Discriminating — separates models
Citation Holding
Given a case citation, state what the court decided — the holding — free-text answer scored by an LLM judge against the gold answer.
36.6%
1395 records · 5 models
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Issue Spotting
Identify the legal issues a Canadian appellate court had to decide from the facts of the decision — testing issue recognition.
47.6%
438 records · 5 models
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Regulation QA
Recall what a named provision of a Canadian federal regulation requires — the actor, number, period, condition, permission or prohibition — scored by an LLM judge.
48.3%
232 records · 5 models
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Bijural Equivalence
Map common law concepts to their civil law equivalents — testing Canada's unique bijural legal system.
50.2%
175 records · 5 models
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Statute QA
Answer questions about specific sections of Canadian statutes — testing precise statutory recall across 51+ Acts.
54.2%
557 records · 5 models
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Strong — models perform well
Multi-Doc Reasoning
Read a passage of an earlier decision and a passage of a later decision that cites it (treatment words removed) and classify how the later court treated the earlier one: followed, distinguished, not followed or cited only — testing multi-document legal reasoning.
77.5%
130 records · 5 models
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Doctrine Shift
Classify how a legal doctrine changed between an earlier and a later authority — a Supreme Court decision or a statute (expanded, narrowed, reversed or unchanged).
78.9%
70 records · 5 models
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Tribunal QA
From a Canadian administrative tribunal's reasons, with its conclusion and order removed, state how the tribunal disposed of the matter — scored by an LLM judge.
85.2%
77 records · 5 models
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Temporal Reasoning
Date-aware questions on Canadian statutes and SCC decisions across 11 question types (assent/in-force/amendment years, decision dates, before/after ordering). The 23 legacy administrative-law standard-of-review era items were retired on 2026-09-11 after the 2026-09-08 audit.
85.9%
218 records · 5 models
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Citation Lookup
Verify whether a Canadian legal citation refers to a real court or tribunal decision — a hallucination probe across courts and years.
85.9%
7911 records · 5 models
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Jurisdiction Router
Identify which order of government has jurisdiction over a legal scenario (federal, provincial, shared, or federal paramountcy).
87.4%
57 records · 5 models
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Cite Verify
Classify Canadian legal citations as real, fabricated, or ambiguous — testing citation knowledge across 12 jurisdictions.
87.7%
495 records · 5 models
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Case Outcome
Classify the outcome of an appeal or judicial review (allowed, allowed in part, dismissed) from the court's reasons, with its conclusion removed.
87.8%
199 records · 5 models
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Limitation Periods
Compute the last day to commence proceedings under Canadian limitation-period statutes — testing statutory date arithmetic.
90.5%
600 records · 5 models
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Standard of Review
Identify the standard of review a court applied (reasonableness, correctness, or palpable and overriding error).
92.0%
186 records · 5 models
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Case Treatment
Classify how a later court treated an earlier decision, from a passage of the later decision (followed, considered, distinguished, criticized, questioned or overruled).
93.2%
307 records · 5 models
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